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Wooden Barrel with a Cork

A tight wooden cork inserted into the top of a storage barrel kept valuable liquids safe from air and dust in castle cellars.

A large wooden barrel featuring a prominent wide wooden cork on top.
Wooden Barrel with a Cork
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Wooden Storage Barrels with Top Stoppers

Large storage barrels kept in castle vaults featured specialized openings fitted with wooden stoppers known as bungs. Inserting a rounded cork into the top bunghole prevented liquid from spilling while keeping stored goods protected from dirt and air exposure.

The Science of Sealing Wooden Storage Casks

Bungholes were drilled into the thickest central stave of a barrel where the curve created maximum structural strength. Wooden corks were carefully carved from soft timber or wrapped in cloth to create an airtight seal without cracking the main barrel body. When liquid needed to be sampled or drained, cellar masters tapped the cork loose using a wooden mallet.

Authentic Colors of Sealed Barrels

  • Wooden barrel body: medium brown oak or dark mahogany
  • Top wooden cork: light pine, pale tan, or natural birch
  • Metal reinforcement bands: dark gray steel or oxidized iron
  • Barrel staves: warm timber brown with subtle dark grain
Questions and answers

Questions and Answers

What is the wooden cork on top of a barrel called?
The wooden stopper on top of a barrel is called a bung, and the hole it fits into is called a bunghole. Bungs were carved precisely to fit the tapered hole so no liquid could escape when the barrel was moved.
Why was the opening placed on top of the barrel instead of the side?
Placing an opening on top allowed workers to fill the cask to the brim without liquid splashing out. Top openings also made it easier to inspect the contents and insert measuring rods to check remaining volume.
How did castle cooks remove liquid from a sealed barrel?
Cellar workers either pulled the top wooden cork out to pour liquid from above or inserted a small wooden faucet called a spigot near the bottom. Tapping a spigot allowed controlled pouring without disturbing sediment at the bottom.
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